انجمن علمی سخت افزار مؤسسه آموزش عالی علامه محدث نوری(ره) alame mohades hardware association

1G
First generation (analog) mobile telephonyIe. AMPS , NMT , TACS etc.
2G
Second generation mobile telephony.Digital system capable of providing voice/data/fax transfer as well as a range of other value-added services.
2.5G
Another, inofficial, name for GPRS telephony
3G
Third Generation Mobile Services
3GPP
Third Generation Partnership ProjectThe Partners have agreed to co-operate in the production of globally applicable Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a 3rd Generation Mobile System based on evolved GSM core networks and the radio access technologies that they support (i.e., Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes).The Partners have further agreed to co-operate in the maintenance and development of the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) Technical Specifications and Technical Reports including evolved radio access technologies (e.g. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)).Homepage: www.3gpp.org

A

A-bis
BSC-BTS interface
A interface
MSC-BSS interface
A3
GSM authentication algorithm
A5
GSM stream cipher algorithm
A8
GSM cipher key generating algorithm
AAL
ATM Adaptation Layer
AC
Authentication Center
Accompli A008
Motorola Accompli A008 is an advanced, next generation, java enabled GPRS Phone/PDA.
active MS
A switched-on mobile station with a SIM / UICC see 3GPP TS 31.101 [31] module attached
ADC
Application Development Center
ADPCM
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AFC
Automatic Frequency Control
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
AGCH
Access Grant CHannel
AH
Authentication Header (IPSec)
AIIH
Assignment of IPv4 global addresses to IPv6 Hosts
alert-SC
Service element provided by a GSM/UMTS PLMN to inform an SC which has previously initiated unsuccessful short message delivery attempt(s) to a specific MS, that the MS is now recognized by the PLMN to have recovered operation.
ALG
Application Level Gateway
AM
Amplitude Modulation
AMPS
American Mobile Phone System (analogue cellular)
AMS
Application Management Software A generic term to describe the processes on the device that manage the downloading and lifecycle of Java applications.
AoC
Advice of Charge
AP
Access Point
API
Application Program Interface
APN
Access Point Naming
ARQ
Automatic Repeat Request
AS
Autonomous System
ASCI
Advanced Speech Cal Items
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASN
ATM Switching Network
ASP
Active Server Pages
ATC
Automatic Train ControlApplication suitable for GPRS
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AuC
Authentication CenterProvides parameters required for authentication and encryption

B

BA
Broadcast control channel Allocation
BB
BackBone
BC
Bearer Channel
BCC
Base station Colour Code
BCCH
Broadcast Control Channel
BCH
Broadcast CHannel See: BCCH, SCH, FCCH
BCI
Bearer Channel Identifier
BCS
Block Check Sequence
BDR
Backup Designated Router
BER
Bit Error Rate
BG
Border Gateway
BGP
Border Gateway Protocol
BHCA
Busy Hour Call Attempts
BLR
BLock Error Rate
BS
Base Station - see BTS
BSC
Base Station Controller
BSIC
Base Station Identity Code
BSS
Base Station System, also:Base Station Subsystem
BSSC
GSM Base Station System Controller
BSSGP
Base Station System GPRS Protocol
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
BVC
BSSGP Virtual Circuit
BVCI
BSSGP Virtual Circuit Identifier

C

C/I
Carrier Per Interference
CA
Certificate Authority
CAMEL
Customised Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic
CB
Cell Broadcast
CC
Call Control
CCCH
Common Control ChannelSee PCH, RACH, AGCH
CCH
Control CHannel
ccTLD
country code Top-Level Domain ie. .se, .cz, .tw,Database for all country codes: http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm
CCU
Channel Codec Unit
CDC
Connected Device Configuration CDC is a Java Community Process effort that has standardized a portable, full-featured Java 2 virtual machine building block for next-generation, consumer electronic and embedded devices. CDC runs on top of the C Virtual Machine (CVM)
CDMA
Code Division Multiple AccessA system mainly for speech but supports also data.
CDPD
Cellular Digital Packet DataA system to share exsisting cellular airspace with packet switched data
CEIR
Central Equipment Identity Register
CELEX
EC Legislation database in Eurobases databank
CFB
Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Busy
CFNRc
Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Not Reachable
CFNRy
Call Forwarding on No Reply
CFU
Call Forwarding Unconditional
CG
Charging Gateway
CGI
Common Gateway Interface
CHAP
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CID
Connection IDentifier
CIG
Cellular Infrastructure Group
CIM
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
CLDC
Connected Limited Device ConfigurationThe J2ME layer of configuration, runs on top of the KVM
CLI
Caller Line Identification
CM
Communication Management
CMT
Cellular Messaging Teleservice
CN
Core Network
Coaxial Cable
A TV aerial type of cable which has a long history of use in the IBM environment particularly for connecting terminals and other devices that need high speed links. Coax is used in Ethernet as "Thick" and "Thin (Cheaper)" cable.
CODEC
Coder/Decoder
COE
Central Office Environment
cPCI
compact Peripheral Component Interconnect
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Code
CS
Circuit Switched
CSD
Circuit Switched Data
CSM
Component Service ManagerManagement of the Motorola WAP Gateway.
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection CSMA/CD is control access method through which several nodes can transmit over one cable (multiple access) although not simultaneously.
CVM
C Virtual Machine A Java virtual machine

D

D-AMPS
Digital AMPS (also known as IS-136)
DAP
Dispatch ProcesserManaging wireless "Dispatch" services in the iDEN infrastructure
DataGen
A Motorola GSM network configuration tool
DCCH
Dedicated Control ChannelSee: SDCCH, SACCH
DCS
Digital Cellular System
DCS 1800
Digital Cellular System at 1800 MHz Marketed as GSM 1800
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DL
DownLink
DLC
Data Link Connection
DLCI
Data Link Connection Identifyer
DNS
Domain Name Server, alternatively:Domain Name Service, alternatively:Domain Name System
DOD
Direct Outward Dialing
DOT Force
Digital Opportunity Task Force
DR
Designated Router
DRX
Discontinuous Reception
DS
Differentiated Services
DSN
Data Source Name
DSP
Digital Signal Processor
DTAP
Direct Transfer Application Part
DTX
Discontinuous transmission

E

E/N
Energy Per Noice
EDGE
Enhanced Data rates for Global EvolutionSuccessor to GSM , uses different modulation (8-PSK)
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange
EFEM
Equipment Front End Module
EFR
Enhanced Full RateEnhanced digital encoding to get better sound quality
EGPRS
EDGE for GPRS
EGSM
Extended (frequency range) GSM
EIR
Equipment Identity Register
EMS
Enhanced Message ServiceA development of SMS that allows for pictures and sounds in addition to text, MMS is a further development.
EMX
Electronic Mobile Exchange
ESN
Equipment Serial Number
ESP
Encrypting Security Payload (IPSec)
Ethernet
One of the oldest LAN technologies. It was developed to run over coaxial cable although it can now run over twisted pair cable.Fast Ethernet - 100Mbps Ethernet
ETSI
the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ExCell
(Motorola) GSM Cell Site

F

FACCH
Fast Associated Control Channel
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
FCCH
Frequency-Correction Channel
FDD
Frequency Division Duplex
FDDI
Fibre Distributed Data Interface An ANSI standard for use of fibre optics to provide networks of 100 Mbps and uses a token passing access method on a ring and tree topology.
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FH
Frequency Hopping
Fibre Optic Cable
A medium for transmission comprised of many glass fibres. Light emitting diodes send light through the fibre to a detector that converts the light back to an electrical signal for interpretation. Advantages include huge bandwidth, and immunity to eavesdropping, interference and radio activity.
FMC
Fixed Mobile Convergence
FOIRL
Fibre Optic Inter-Repeater Link A fibre optic network link used between Ethernet network devices. It is commonly used to support Ethernet backbones.
FOUP
Front Opening Unified Pod
FR
Frame Relay
FRU
Field Replacable Unit
FW
FireWall

G

GCI
Gateway Configuration InterfaceAccess the WAP Server layers and configure specific parameters
GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node
Gi
Reference point between GPRS and an external packet data.
GIWU
GSM Interworking Unit
GMM/SM
GPRS Mobility Management and Session Management
GMPCS
Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite
GMR
General Manual Revision
GMSC
Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center
GMSK
Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGSM modulation
Gp
Interface between two GSNs in different PLMNs.
GPRS
General Packet Radio ServicePhase 1 - Point to Point, Phase 2 - Point to MultipointTerminals:Class A: Supports GPRS and other GSM services (such as SMS and voice) Class B: Can monitor GSM and GPRS channels simultaneously, but can support only one of these services at a time. Class C: Supports only nonsimultaneous attach. The user must select which service to connect to.
GPS
Global Positioning System
GR
GPRS Register
Gs
Interface between SGSN and MSC/VLR
GSA
Global mobile Suppliers Association
GSM
Global System for Mobile CommunicationsDigital cellular standard designed for operation in 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz bands.
GSM Alliance
Consortium of North American GSM 1900 operators
GSM Association
(formerly GSM MoU Association) Comprising GSM operators and regulatory organisations
GSM-R
GSM for Railways
GSN
GPRS Support Node
GSR4
GSM Software Release 4
GTP
GPRS Tunnelling Protocol
GUTS
General UDP Transport ServiceTele service designed for WAP applications

H

HA
Home Agent
HCS
Hierarchical Cell Structure
HDLC
High-level Data Link Control (ISO/IEC 13239)
HDML
Handheld Device Markup Language
HLR
Home Location RegisterInformation about the subscribers belonging to the covering area of a MSC
HSCSD
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
HTML
HyperText Markup Language
HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol

I

i-Mode
Japanese replacement for WAP64kbps with Quad Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
i/f
Interface
IANA
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority"Dedicated to preserving the central coordinating functions of the global Internet for the public good."http://www.iana.org/
IBCN
Integrated Broadband Communications Network
IBSEM
Intrabay Specific Equipment Model
ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers A non-profit corporation that was formed to assume responsibility for the IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions previously performed under U.S. Government contract by IANA and other entities.http://www.icann.org/
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
IDE
Integrated Development Environmentor alternatively:Interactive Development Environment
iDEN
Motorolla dispatch communication TDMA-like technology combined with a GSM-core cellular network
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force
IM
Instant Messaging
IMEI
International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMSI
International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IMT-2000
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 ITU third generation mobile standard
IN
Intelligent Network
INAP
Intelligent Network Application Part
InCell
Motorola GSM Base Station
IP
Internet Protocol
IPCP
IP Control Protocola NCP
IPSec
Internet Protocol Security
IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4 IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, ie. 127.0.0.1
IPv5
IPv5 never really existed. It was assigned to identify an experimental non-IP real time stream protocol called ST. Although ST was never widely used, the decision was made not to reassign the number 5. So, IPv6 was born.
IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6 IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses instead of the 32-bit addresses of IPv4.
IrDa
Infrared Data Association
IS-634
MSC/BSS A+ Interfac
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO
International Standards Organisation
ISP
Internet Service Provider
ISS
Internet Support Server
ISUP
ISDN User Part
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
IWF
Inter Working Functions

J

J2ME
Java 2 Micro EditionA special version of Java developed for mobile devices.The Sun homepage for J2ME: http://java.sun.com/j2me/
J2ME Layers
The J2ME Layers in a java enabled mobile phone are:Profile ie. MIDPConfiguration ie. CLDCJava Virtual MachineDevice Hardware - Motorola Accompli A008
Java
Platform independent programming language, also suitable for mobile devices, see J2ME Java was developed by the SUN corporation

K

Kb
KilobyteMeasure of data, 1 KiloByte is 2^10 = 1024 bytes
kbps
Kilobits per secondMeasure of data throughput, 8 bits are equal to 1 byte
KVM
K Virtual Machine A Java virtual machine

L

LA
Location Area
LAN
Local Area Network
LAP-D
Link Access Protocol D channel
LCP
Link Control Protocol
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LLC
Logical Link Control
LMT
Local Maintenance Terminal
LSA
Link State Advertisment
LSF
Load Sharing Function
LSP
Link Selector Parameter

M

M-Cell
Motorola GSM base stationM-Cellcity is designed for digital cellular networks requiring focused coverage within a specified area.
MAC
Medium Access Control
MADK
Mobile Application Development Kit for WAP and VoiceXML
MAGNET
Motorola Applications Global Network
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network A network spanning a geographical area greater than a LAN but less than a WAN
MAP
Mobile Application Part, alternatively:Medium Access Protocol, alternatively:Management Application Protocol
MCAP
Motorola Cellular Advanced Processor
MCDF
Master Clock / CLKx2 Division Factor
MCSC
Motorola Cellular Support Center
MD
Mediation Device
MDAC
Microsoft Data Access Components
MDG
Mobile Data GatewayManaging wireless "Data" services in the iDEN infrastructure
ME
Mobile Equipment
MexE
Mobile Station Application Execution Environment
MFC
Mobile Fixed Convergence
MH
Mobile Host
MIB
Management Information Base
MIDP
Mobile Information Device ProfileA top-layer in J2ME .
MIN
Mobile ID number
MIX
Mobile Internet Exchange
MM
Mobility Management
MMI
Man Machine Interface
MMS
Multi Media SMS Message A development of SMS where the messages besides text, also can include graphics, photographic images, sounds and video clips. MMS depends on high speed transmission technologies such as EDGE and GPRS.
MN
Mobile Node
MO
Mobile Originated
MOC
Mobile Originating Call
Motorola
Motorola is a global leader in providing integrated communications solutions and embedded electronic solutions. These include:Software-enhanced wireless telephone, two-way radio and messaging products and systems, as well as networking and Internet-access products, for consumers, network operators, and commercial, government and industrial customers.End-to-end systems for the delivery of interactive digital video, voice and high-speed data solutions for broadband operators.Embedded semiconductor solutions for customers in the networking and computing, transportation, wireless communications and digital consumer/home networking markets.Embedded electronic systems for automotive, industrial, transportation, navigation, communication and energy systems markets.http://www.motorola.com
MS
Mobile Station
MSC
Mobile services Switching Center, alternatively:Mobile Switching Center
MSC-G
Mobile Switching Center Gateway
MSISDN
Mobile Station International ISDN
MSRN
Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number
MSSHO
Mobile Speed Sensitive Handover
MT
Mobile Terminal, alternatively:Mobile Termination
MTP
Message Transfer Part
MVNO
Mobile Virtual Network Operator

N

NAPT-PT
Network Address Port Translator-Protocol Translator
NAS
Network Access Server
NAT
Network Address Translation
NAT-PT
Network Address Translator-Protocol Translator
NBNS
NetBIOS Name Server
NCC
Network Colour Code
NCP
Network Control Processor, alternatively:Network Control Protocol
NDIS
Network Device Interface Specification network
NE
Network Element
NFS
Network File SystemSet of Unix protocols (originally developed by Sun Microsystems) for file sharing across a LAN.
NMT
Nordic Mobile Telephone system Analogue cellular system
NS
Network Service
NS-VC
Network Service- Virtual Circuit
NS-VCG
Network Service- Virtual Connection Group
NS-VCI
Network Service- Virtual Circuit Identifier
NS-VL
Network Service- Virtual Link
NS-VLI
Network Service- Virtual Link Identifier
NSAPI
Network layer Service Access Point Identifier
NSE
Network Service Entity
NSEI
Network Service Entity Identifier
NSP
Network Service Point
NSS
Network and Switching Subsystem
NTP
Network timing protocol

O

O&M
Operations and Maintenance
OAM
Operation, Administration and Maintenance
OMC
Operations and Maintenance Centre
OMC-G
Operations and Maintenance Centre - GPRS
OMC-R
Operations and Maintenance Centre - Radio
OMCR
Operational Maintenance Central Register
OMT
Operation and Maintenance Terminal
OSI
Open Systems Interconnect
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
OSS
Operation and Support Subsystem
OTA
Over The Air

P

P-TMSI
Packet Temporary Mobile Station Identity
PACCH
Packet Associated/Ack Control Channel
PAD
Packet Assembler/Disassembler
PAGCH
Packet Access Grant Channel
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol
PBCCH
Packet Broadcast Control CHannel
PBCH
Packet Broadcast Channel
PBX
Private Branch ExchangeA subscriber ownaed telecommunications that usually has access to the public switched network (PSN)
PC Card
Formerly known as PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PCCCH
Packet Common Control CHannels
PCCH
Packet Control Channel
PCH
Paging CHannel
PCIA
Personal Communications Industry Association North America
PCN
Personal Communications Network
PCS
1900 GSM network operating in 1900 MHz frequency band
PCU
Packet Control Unit
PDC
Personal Digital CellularJapanese system
PDCH
Packet Data CHannel
PDCP
Personal Digital Cellular PacketsPackets overlay for PDC
PDN
Public Data Network
PDP
Packet Data Protocol
PDS
Packet Data on the Signalling channels
PDTCH
Packet Data Traffic CHannel
PDU
Packet Data Unit, alternatively:Protocol Data Unit
PHS
Personal Handyphone systemShort distance cellular system for speech with support for data (64 kbps)
PIN
Personal Identification Number
PKI
Public Key Infrastructure
PLL
Physical Link subLayer
PLMN
Public Land Mobile Network
PMR
Private/Professional Mobile Radio
PNCH
Packet Notification Channel
PPCH
Packet Paging CHannel
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PRACH
Packet Random Access CHannel
PS
Packet Switched
PSDN
Packet Switched Data Network
PSN
Public Switched Network
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
PTCCH
Packet Timing advance Control CHannel
PTCH
Packet Traffic Channel
PTM
Point-To-Multi-point
PTM-SC
Point-To-Multi-point Service Center
PTO
Public Telecommunications Operator
PTP
Point-To-Point
PVC
Permanent Virtual Circuit

Q

QAM
Quad Amplitude Modulation
QBand
Quality Band
QoS
Quality of Service

R

RA
Routing Area
RACH
Random Access CHannel
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
RAN
Radio Access Network
RFA
Radio Fixed Access
RFC
Request For CommentsUsed for developing new standards on the Internet (IETF).
RFL
RF subLayer
RH
Request HandlerWAP interface to the Internet web servers
RID
Router Id
RIG
Roaming Interworking Gateway
RLC
Radio Link Control
RPL
Radio Priority LevelThe RLC/MAC priority level
RR
Radio Resources management
RSIP
Realm Specific IP
RSM
Route Switch Module
RSS
Radio Subsystem
RSVP
Resource ReSerVation Protocol
RTI
Road Traffic InformaticsApplication suitable for GPRS
RX
Reiceiver
RXCDR
Remote Transcoder
RXLEV
Reception Level (GSM)
RXQUAL
Reception Quality (GSM)

S

SACCH
Slow Associated Control Channel
SB
Synchronisation Burst
SC
Service Center (for SMS)
SCCP
Signalling Connection Control Part
SCE
Service Creation Environment
SCH
Synchronisation CHannel
SCP
Service Control Point
SDCCH
Standalone Dedicated Control CHannel
SDK
Software Development Kit
SDU
Service Data Unit, alternatively:Small Downloadable Unit size
See
BCCH, SCH, FCCH
SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node
SIIT
Stateless IP/ICMP Translator
SIM
Subscriber Identity Module
SIP
Session Initiation Protocol
SLA
Service Level Agreement
SLC
Short-Lived Certificates
SMAPS
Subscriber Management and Provisioning SystemAccess, administer, and manage the Subscriber Database (Wap)
SME
Short Message EntityAn entity which may send or receive Short Messages. The SME may be located in a fixed network, an MS, or an SC.
SMPP
Short Message Peer to Peer Protocol
SMS
Short Message Service
SMS-GMSC
Gateway MSC For Short Message Service A function of an MSC capable of receiving a short message from an SC, interrogating an HLR for routing information and SMS info, and delivering the short message to the VMSC or the SGSN of the recipient MS.
SMS-MO/PP
Short Message Services Mobile Originating/Point-to-Point
SMS-MT/PP
Short Message Services Mobile Terminating/Point-to-Point
SMSC
SMS Server Configuration, alternatively:Short Message Service Center
SNDCP
SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR
Signal to Noise Ratio
SOCKS
Secure Sockets
SONET
Synchronous Optical NETwork
SPF
Single Points of Failure / Shortest Path First
SPS
Semiconductor Products Sector
SS
Supplementary Service
SS7
Signalling System No. 7
SSD
Shared Secret Data
SSH
Secure Shell Developed by SSH Communications Security Ltd., Secure Shell is a program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels. It is a replacement for rlogin, rsh, rcp, and rdist.
SSP
Service Switching Point
status report
SC informing the originating MS of the outcome of a short message submitted to an SME.
SVC
Switched Virtual Circuit
SYSGEN
SYStem GENeration

T

T-1
Leased lines come in different grades of which T-1 and T-3 are examples. A T-1 link, which is most common, provides a communications link at up to 2.048Mbps. For high performance communications needs, T-3 can support communications links to 45Mbps.
TA
Terminal Adaptor
TACS
Total Access Communications System Analogue cellular
TAF
Terminal Adaption Functions
TCAP
Transaction capabilities Application Part
TCH
Traffic Channel
TCH/F
Traffic CHannel/Full rate
TCH/H
Traffic CHannel/Half rate
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TD_CDMA
Time Division Code Division Multiple Access
TDD
Time Division Duplex
TDM
Time Division Multiplex
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access, alternatively:Time-Division Multiplexing
TE
Terminal Equipment, alternatively:Subscriber Terminal
TELMO
Open telematic service system interface in Finland.
TELNET
the Network Terminal ProtocolProvides remote login over the network, less secure then SSH.
TETRA
Trans European Trunked RadioOpen digital standard defined by ETSI
TETRA PDO
TETRA Packet Data Optimizedmax 28.8 kbps
TETRA V + D
TETRA Voice + Data
TI
Transaction Identifier
TID
Tunnel Identifier
TLD
Top-Level Domainie. .com, .org, .net
TLLI
Temporary Logical Link Identifier
TLS
Transport Layer Security
TMSI
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
TOS
Type Of Service TPS
Transactions Per Second
Field in IPv4 header
TRAU
Transcoder and Rate Adaption Unit
TRX
(Base Station) Transceiver
TX
Transmitter

U

UDP
User Datagram Protocol
UICC
UMTS Integrated Circuit Card
UL
UpLink
Um
GSM air Interface between the mobile station (MS ) and the GPRS
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UNI
User Network Interface
USF
Uplink State Flag
USIM
UMTS Subscriber Identity Module
USRD
User System Requirements Document
USSD
Unstructured Supplementary Services Data1:st layer of WAP protocol stack
UTRA
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
UTRAN
UMTS Radio Access Network

V

VAD
Voice Activity Detection
VAN
Value Added Network
VAS
Value Added Services
VHE
Virtual Home Environment
VJC
van Jacobson Compression
VLR
Visitor Location Register, alternatively:Visiting Location Register
VMSC
Voice Mail System Center
VoiceXML
Voice - Extensible Markup LanguageMarkup language for voice commands, variation of XML
VPLMN
Visitor Public Land Mobile Network
VPN
Virtual Private Network

W

WAE
Wireless Application Environment6:th layer of WAP protocol stack
WAN
Wide Area Network A network which covers a larger geographical area than a LAN and where telecommunications links are implemented, normally leased from the appropriate PTO(s) Examples of WANs include packet switched networks, public data networks and VANs.
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol
WCDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple AccessThe radio technology that will support multimedia services in UMTS
WDP
Wireless Datagram Protocol2:nd layer of WAP protocol stack
WLBS
Microsoft Windows Load-Balancing ServicesEnables high-availability and scalability services for Motorola Wap server
WLL
Wireless Local Loop
WML
Wireless Markup Language
WMLC
(pre-)Compiled Wireless Markup Language
WMLS
WML Script
WSP
Wireless Session Protocol5:th layer of WAP protocol stack
WTA
Wireless Telephony Application
WTLS
Wireless Transport Layer Security3:rd layer of WAP protocol stack
WTP
Wireless Transaction Protocol4:th layer of WAP protocol stack

X

X25
International Standard for packet switched networks
XML
Extensible Markup Language

اختصارات بکار رفته در ارتباطات راه دور

2009-09-02T16:23:00.001+04:30

اختصارات بکار رفته در ارتباطات راه دور

Acronyms and Abbreviations in Telecommunications

2B1Q Two Binary One Quaternary
3-G Third-generation mobile standard
3G Third-Generation licences
3G3P 3G Patent Platform Partnership
3GPP Third-Generation Partnership Project
3D Third generation mobile systems
4GL Fourth Generation Language

A
A2Go Applications2Go
AAATE Association for the Advancement of Assistive Technology in Europe
AAC Augmentative and Alternative Communication
ABM Asynchronous Balances Mode (HDLC)
ACCC Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
ACCESS Development Platform for Unified Access to Enabling Environments (TIDE project)
ACD Automatic Call Distribution
ACEC Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce
AceS Asia Cellular Satellite
ACIF Australian Communications Industry Forum
ACITS Advisory Committee on Information Technology Standardisation (SOG-IT)
ACM Association for Computing Machinery
ACTE Approvals Committee for Terminal Equipment (EC)
ACTS Advanced Communications Technologies and Services Satellite
ADA Americans with Disabilities Act
ADL Activities of Daily Living
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (Digital compression technique used to process audio on DC-ROM CA and CD-I.)
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AECMA Association Europeenne des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial
AER Association for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind and Visually Impaired
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AFB American Foundation for the Blind
AFIM l'Association Francaise d'Internet Mobiles
AFNOR Association Francaise pour la NORmalisation
AHCIET Asociacion Hispanoamericana de Centros de Investigacion y Empresas de Telecomunicaciones
AIM Advanced Informatics for Medicine (DG XIII)
ALDICT Access of Persons with Learning Disabilities to Information and Communication Technologies
ALEC Alternate Local Exchange Carrier
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System
ANI Automatic Number Identification (ISDN)
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Application Program
APCN Asia Pacific Cable Network
APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
APN Access Point Name
APNG Asia-Pacific Networking Group
APPSN Application Pilot for People with Special Needs (RACE project)
APRS Automatic Packet Reporting System
ARCS Astra Return Channel System
ARIN American Registry for Internet Numbers
ARL Akamai Resource Locator
ARM Asynchronous Response Mode (HDLC)
ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency NET
ART Autorite de Regulation des Telecommunications
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASDL Assymetric Digital Subscriber Line
ASI Alternate Space Inversion
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASL American Sign Language
ASNA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
ASO Address Supporting Organization
ASP Advanced Speech Processor; Applications Service Provider
ASPIC Application Service Provider Industry Consortium
ASR Automatic Speech Recognition
ASP Application Service Provider
AT Assistive Technology
ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode or Automatic Teller Machine
ATR Advanced Telecommunications Research (Institute)
ATRC Adaptive Technology Research Center
ATTT African Telecommunicatiions Think Tank
ATUG Australian Telecommunications Users Group
AUDETEL Audio Description of Television for the Visually Disabled and Elderly (TIDE project)
AURORA Project to develop safety equipment systems for disabled and elderly persons (TIDE project)
AVL Acailable
AVM Audio Visual Management

B
B2 Bredbandsbolaget AB
B2B Business-to-Business
B2C Business to Consumer
BABT British Approvals Board for Telecommunications
BAIC Barring of All Incoming Calls
BAOC Barring of All Outgoing Cells
BAP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol
BAPT Bundesamt für Post und Telekommunikation
BBS Bulletin Board System
BCAP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BDT Telecommunication Development Bureau of the ITU
B-ICI Broadband Intercarrier Interface (ATM)
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BIPT Belgian Institute for Posts and Telecommunications
BIS Business Intelligence Software
B-ISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
BLEC Building (or Basement) Local Exchange Carrier
BLSR Bidirectional Line Switched Ring
BMPT Bundesamt fuer Post and Telekommunikation
BMS Broadband Management System
BNT Groupe Belge des Normes de Telecommunications
BOTZ Build Operate Transfer
BRI Basic Rate Interface (ISDN)
BRITE Basic Rate Interface Transmission Equipment
BRITE/EURAM Basic Research in Industrial Technologies for Europe/European Research in Advanced Materials
BSC Base Station Controller (Wireless/GSM(
BSC Binary Synchronous Communications (IBM)
BSI British Standards Institution
BSIC Base Transceiver Station Identity Code
BSS Base Switching System
BT Business Telecommunications (as used by ETSI) or British Telecom
BTAM Basic Telecommunications Access Method (SNA)
BTR British Telecom Requirement
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BWA Broadband Wireless Association
BWLL Broadband Wireless Local Loop

C
CA Certificate Authority
CALEA Communications Assistance for Law Enforcing Agencies
CAMEL Customized Application for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic
CAPS Communication and Access to information for Persons with Special needs (TIDE project)
CAST Center for Applied Special Technology
CATV Cable Television also Community Antennae Television
CB Citizens Band
CCIR Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications (ITU-R)
CCITT Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique
CcTLD Country-code Top Level Domain
CD Call Deflection; Compact Disc
CDG CDMA Development Organization
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDN Content Delivery Network
CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data
CEC Commission of the European Communities
CEE Central and Eastern Europe
CEN Comite Européen de Normalisation
CENELEC Comite Européen de Normalisation Electronique
CEPT Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
CFB Call Forward Busy
CFNR Call Forward No Reply
CHTML compact HTML
CIC Carrier Identification Code
CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer (i.e., can perform multiple operations per instruction)
CIX Commercial Internet eXchange
CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier
CLI Calling Line Identity/Identification
CLIP Calling Line Identity Presentation
CLIR Calling Line Identification Restriction
CLP Cell Loss Priority (ATM)
CMCC China Mobile Communications Corporation
CMR Cellular Mobile Radio
CNAE Customer Network Access Equipment
CNC China Netcom Corporation
CNET Centre National d'Etudes des Telecommunications
CNM Customer Network Management
COLP Connected Line Identification Presentation
COLR Connected Line Identification Restriction
COM Common Object Model
COMAC Committee On Medicine And Computers (DG XII)
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern African States
COMETT Community Programme in Education and Training for Technology
Copernicus Co-operation in Science and Technology with Central and Eastern European Countries
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CORE Consensus creation and awareness for research and development activities in technology for disabled and elderly people (TIDE project)
Also: Council of Internet Registrars
COST European Cooperation in the field Of Scientific and Technical research
CP Communications Protocol
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CPIC Common Programming Interface Communications
CPP Calling Party Pays
CPS Carrier Pre-Selection; Communications Service Providers
CREST Scientific and Technical Research Committee (of the EU)
CRM Customer Relationship Management
CRTC Canadian Radiotelevision and Telecommunications Commission
CSO Committee of Senior Officers
CSDN Circuit Switched Data Network
CSP Converged Service Provider
CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data Network
CSS Cascading Style Sheet
CT-2 Second generation Cordless Telephone, UK
CT1 European analogue cordless telephone system
CTI Computer Telephony Integration
CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association
CTR Common Technical Regulation (EU)
CTU Czech Telecommunications Office
CW Call Waiting
CYTA Cyprus Telecommunications Authority

D
D-tag Descriptive text link
DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
DACS Digital Access and Cross-connect System
DAI Digital Audio Interface (104 kbit/s)
DAMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System
DANN Data Networking Association
DARS Digital Audio Radio Satellite Service
DASS Digital Access Signalling System
DBS Direct Broadcast Service
DCC Data Communication Channel
DCN Data Communications Network
DCS Digital Cellular System
DECT Digital European Cordless Telecommunications
DELTA Developing European Learning through Technological Advance (DG XIII)
DEC Disputes.org/eResolution Consortium
DES Data Encryption Standard
DFID Department For International Development
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
DHTML Dynamic HTML
DiffServ Differentiated Services
DIS Draft International Standards
DNS Domain Name System
DNSO Domain Name Supporting Organization
DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
DOM Document Object Specification
DPL Digital PowerLine
DRB Digital Radio Broadcasters
DS Direct Spread
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM DSL Access Multiplexer
DSRR Digital Short Range Radio
DTD Document Type Definition file
DTH Direct-To-Home
DVB Direct digital Video Broadcasting
DWDM Dense Wave (or Wavelength) Division Multiplexing

E
E&D Elderly and Disabled
EARN European Academic Research Network
e-B2B electronic business-to-business
EBU European Broadcasting Union
EC European Community, European Commissions
ECART European Conference on Advances in Rehabilitation Technology
ECDC Electronic Commerce in Developing Countries
ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association
ECOWAS Economic Community Of West African States
eCRM electronic Customer Relation Management
ECTA European Competitive Telecommunications Association; Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
ECUMN European Conference on Universal Multiservice Networks
EDF European Disability Forum
EDGE Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution; Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
EDI Electronic Data Interchange
EEC European Economic Community
EEMA European Forum for Electronic Business
EESSI European Electronic Signature Standardization Initiative
EFEI European Federation of Electronic Industries
EFF Electronic Frontier Foundation
EFTA European Free Trade Association
EFTPOS Electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale
EHIMA European Hearing Instrument Manufacturers Association
EIA Electronic Industries Association
EIDD European Institute for Design and Disability
EIF European Internet Foundation
EIIA European Information Industry Association
EITAAC Electronic Information Technology Access Advisory Committee
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EN European Norm (Term within CEN and CENELEC)
ENSOETSI National Standardisation Organisations (ETSI)
ENUM Electronic Numbering
EOTC European Organization for Testing and Certification
E-OTD Enhanced Observed Time Difference
EP European Parliament
ERO European Radiocommunications Office
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ERPS Enhanced Reference Picture Selection
ES European Standard or End Systems (ETSI TC BT)
ESB European Standardisation Board
ESC European Standardisation Council
ESO European Standardisation Organisation
ESPRIT European Strategic Programme for Research and Development
ETAN European Technology Assessment Network
ETIS European Telecommunications Informatics Services
ETNO European public Telecommunications Network Operators association
ETO European Telecommunications Organization
ETP European Telecommunications Platform (Brussels-based policy monitoring group)
ETR ETSI Technical Report
ETT European Telecommunications and Technology
ETS European Telecommunications Standard
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EU European Union
EUREKA European Research Co-operation Agency
EURESCOM European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications
EuroISPA European Internet Service Providers Association
EVA Economic Value Added
EVCA European Venture Capital Association
EVUA European Virtual Private Network Users Association

F
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FEDMA Federation of European Direct Marketing
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
FEI Federation of the Electronics Industry
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards
FLAG Fiberoptic Link Around the Globe
FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence
FP6 the EU's 6th Framework research Programme
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
FS-VDSL Full Service-Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line
FTP File Transfer Protocol (IETF)
FTC Federal Trade Commission
FTSE Financial Times-Stock Exchange
FWA Fixed Wireless Access

G
GAC (ICANN's) Government Advisory Committee
GAIT GSM MAP Network/ANSI-41 Interoperability Team
GAM Global Account Management
GAN Global Area Network
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GBDe Global Business Dialog on electronic commerce
GEO Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
GGRF GSM Global Roaming Forum
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
GIS Geographical Information System
GMCF Global Mobile Commerce Forum
GMPCS Global Mobile Personal Communication Systems (or Services)
GNS Global Network Strtegies
GNX GlobalNet eXchange
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GPS Global Positioning System
GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GPSR General Packet Switched Radio
GSA GSM System Area
GRX GPRS Roaming Exchange
GSM Global System for Mobile telecommunications
GSP Global Service Provider
gTLD generic Top-Level Domain (e.g., .com. .edu)
GTS Global TeleSystems Group
GUIB Graphical User Interfaces for Blink people (TIDE project)

H
HAC Hearing Aid Compatible
HAPS High Altitude Platforms
HDLC High-level Data Link Control (ISO)
HDML Handheld Devices Markup Language
HDSL High-rate Digital Subscriber Loop
HDTV High Definition Television
HDVS High Definition Video System
HEART Horizontal European Activities in Rehabilitation Technology (TIDE project)
HELIOS Handicapped people in the European community Living In Open Society (DG 5)
HF Human Factor (One of ETSI's Technical Committees)
HKTUG Hong Kong Telecommunications Users Group
HSCD High Speed Circuit Switched Data
HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (IETF)
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (smart homes)

I
IAB Internet Architecture Board
IAHC Internet Ad Hoc Committee
IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IASP Internet Access Service Provider
IB International Bureau (of the FCC)
IBC Integrated Broadband Communication
I-CAN Integrated Customer Access Network
ICAN Integrated Control of ´All Needs (TIDE project)
ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
ICC International Chamber of Commerce
ICD International Classification of Diseases
ICIDH International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps
ICT Information and Communications Technology
ICTA International Commission on Technology and Accessibility
IDATE Institut de l'Audiovisuel et des Telecommunications en Europe
IDN Integrated Digital Network
IDP International Data Post (organization of 17 postal authorities)
iDSN internationalized Domain Name System
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEGMP Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IFHOH International Federation of Hard of Hearing People
ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier
ILETS International Law Enforcement Telecommunications Seminar
IM Instant Messaging
IMAP Internet Managed Application Provider
IMP Interface Message Processor
IMS Information Management System
IMSO International Maritime Safety Organization
IMT International Mobile Telephony
IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium
IN Intelligent Networks
INCLUDE Inclusion of Disabled and Elderly in Telematics
INMARSAT International Marine Satellite Organization
INMS International Network Management System (DT + 12 Eastern carriers)
INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organisation
INTUG International Telecommunications Users Group
IOP Input/Output Processor
I/P Internet Protocol
IP Internet telephony Providers; Internet Protocol; Intellectual Property
IPDR Internet Protocol Detail Record
IPLC International Private Leased Circuit
IPO Initial Public Offering
IPR Intellectual property rights
IPSNI Integration of People with Special Needs by IBC (RACE project)
IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4
Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6
IP VPN Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network
IrDA Infrared Data Association
IRG Independent Regulators Group
IRU Indefeasible Right of Use
ISC International Switching Centre
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISF International Sensitivity Forum
ISIS Information Society Initiative for Standardization
ISM Industrial Scientific-Medical (frequency band)
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation
ISOC Internet Society
ISP Internet Service Provider
ISPA Internet Service Poviders Association
IST Information Society Technologies
ISTAG IST Advisory Group
ISVs Independent Software Vendors
IT Information Technology
ITM Information/Transaction Machine
ITMC International MultimediaTeleconferencing Consortium
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
ITSP Internet Telephony Service Provider
IT&T Information Technology and Telecommunications
ITU International Telecommunications Union
ITU-R ITU Radiocommunication standardization sector
ITU-S ITU Standardization bureau
ITU-T ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
IUDD Infrastructure and Urban Development Department
iVAD integrated Voice and Data
IVR Interactive Voice Response

J
JAIN Jave APIs for Integrated Networks
JCG Joint Coordination Group (CEN/CENELEC/ETSI)
JPEG Joint Photographics Expert Group
JTC Jordan Telecommunications Company
JUS Japan-U.S. Cable Network

K
KM Knowledge Management
KPN Telecom formerly PTT Telecom BV

L
LAN Local Area Network
LANS Local Area Network Services
LAP Link Access Protocol
LAS-CDMA Large Area Synchronized Code Division Multiple Access
LCN Local Communication Network
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LDS Location Dependent Services
LEC Local Exchange Carrier
LEO Low Earth Orbit
LIMS Laboratory Information Management System
LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution System (wireless microwave cable service)
LT Lietuvos Telekomas
LRIC Long Run Incremental Cost

M
MAC Media Access Control
MADM Multiple Add/Drop Multiplexer
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MAP Management Application Protocol
MART Maximising the Market for Telecommunications-Based Rehabilitation Technology (TIDE project)
MATHS Mathematical Access for Technology and Science for visually disabled users (TIDE project)
MC Multi-Carrier
MCPA Mulit Carrier Power Amplifier
MDA Mobile Data Association
MDD Medical Device Directive
MDF Main Distribution Frame
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (IETF)
MLA Mutual Legal Assitance
MMAC Multimedia Mobile Access Communications
MNO Mobile Network Operators
MOBIC Mobility Of Blind and elderly people Interacting with Computers (TIDE project)
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MOWLAN Mobile Operator Wireless LAN
MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group (ISO)
MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
MSDL MPEG-4 Syntactic Description Language
MSN Multiple Subscriber Number; Microsoft Network
MSO Multiple Systems Operator
MSS Mobile Satellite Service; Mobile Satellite Systems
MTS Mobile Telecommunications Services
MVA Market Value Added
MVNO MobileVirtual Network Operator

N
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAF National Arbitration Forum
NAPTR Naming Authority Pointer
NASSCOM National Association of Software and Service Companies
NBAR Netwwork Based Application Recognition
NCAM National Center for Accessible Media
NCTA National Cable Television Association
NET Norme Europeene de Telecommunications
NNTH Nordic Forum for Telecommunication and Disability
NGI Next Generation Integration
NGO Non Governmental Organisations
NLSP NetWare Link Services Protocol
NMSI National Mobile Station Identification number
NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone
NRA National Regulatory Authority
NSH Nor Cooperation on Disability
NSI Network Solutions Incorporated
NSO National Standards Organisations
NSP Network Service Protocol
NTII National Tele-Immersion Initiative
NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration (USA)
NTS Number Translation Services
NTSC National Television System Committee

O
OCN Operational Carrier Number
ODSI Optical Domain Service Interconnect
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFTEL Office of Telecommunications (UK)
OHG Operators Harmonization Group
OIF Optical Internet Forum
OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
OMTN Operation and Maintenance for Telecoms Networks
ONA Open Network Architecture
ONP Open Network Provision
OOPS Object-Oriented Programming System
OPEN Orientation by Personal Electronic Navigation (TIDE project)
ORBIT Open Market Reorganization for the Betterment of International Telecommuinications
OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
OSI Open Systems Interconnect(ion) (ISO, ITU-T)
OSRP Optical Switching and Routing Protocol
OSS Operating Support Systems; Operations Systems and Software

P
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange
PAC Programme Advisory Committee (ETSI)
PACS Personal Access Communications System
PAIX Palo Alto Internet Exchange
PATU Pan African Telecommunication Union
PBX Private Branch Exchange
PCCW Pacific Century Cyber Works
PCG Pacific Century Group
PCI Programmable Communications Interface
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCN Personal Communication Network
PCS Personal Communications Services
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PDF Portable Document Format
PGP Pretty Good Privacy
PHARE Poland-Hungary Assistance on Economic Reconstruction
PHARE also Programme for Harmonised Air Traffic Management Research in Eurocontrol
PKI Public Key Infrastructure
PMR Private Mobile Radio
POP Point of Pressure
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
POS Point Of Sale (network)
POTS Plain Ordinary Telephone Service
POVES Portable Opto-electronic Vision Enhancement System for visually disabled persons (TIDE project)
PPM Price Per Minute
PSDN Packet Switched Data Network
PS Packet Switching
PSN People with Special Needs; Public Switched Network
PSO Protocol Supporting Organization
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PTC Pacific Telecommunications Conference
PTCL Pakistani Telecommunications Corporation Limited
PTO Public Telecommunication Operator
PTS Public Telecommunications System

Q
QoS Quality of Service

R
RACE Research and development in Advanced Communications technologies in Europe
RACF Radio Access Control Funktion
RARE Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européen (Associated networks for European research CEC project)
RAVE Remote Access Verification Environment
RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company
RDS Radio Data System
RIAA Recording Industry Association of America
RIP Regulatory Investigative Powers
RIPE Resaux IP Europeens
RIR Regional Internet Registries
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RLSD Receive Line Signal Detector
RSS Residential Service Site
RT Rehabilitation Technology
RTD Research and Technical Development
RTF Radio Terminal Function

S
SADC Southern Africe Development Community
SAR Specific Absorption Rate
SATRA South African Telecommunications Regulatory Agency
SATURN Smart Card and Terminal Usability Requirements and Needs (TIDE project)
SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface
SCVF Single Channel Voice Frequency
SDMI Secure Digital Music Initiative
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy-based
SDN Switched Digital Netwrok
SDRU Sensory Disabilities Research Unit
SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line
SESAT Siberean European Satellite
SET Secure Electronic Transfer
SFA Systems Financial Analysis
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SHDSL Symmetrical High-bit-rate DSL
SID System ID number
SIM Set Initialization Mode (HDLC); Subscriber Identity Module;Subscriber Information Module
SIP Session Initiation Protocol; Smart Image Processor
SITA Sociétée Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques
SLA Service Level Agreement
SLC Subscriber Line Charge
SLM Single Longitudinal Mode
SMART Strategy for Mobile Advanced Radio Telecommunications (DG XIII)
SMDS Switched Multi-megabit Data Service (Bellcore)
SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
SMP Significant Market Power
SMS Short Message Service
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (IETF)
SNA Synchronous Network Architecture; Systems Network Architecture
SOGIT Senior Officials Group for Information Technology
SOHO Small Office/Home Office
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SPARC Scalable Performance Architecture; Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition
SPP Sequenced Packet Protocol (NetWare)
SPRINT Strategic Programme for Innovation and Technology Transfer in Europe DG XIII
SSBSC Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier
SSL Secure Socket Level (data scrambler)
STAPL Standard Test and Programming Language
STB Set Top Box
STD Subscriber Trunk Dialling
STM Synchronous Transfer Mode
STRIDE Science and Technology Research into Innovative Developments in Europe
SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (consortium of banks)
T
TAC Terminal Access Controller
TACD TransAtlantic Consumer Dialog
TAG Technical Advisory Group; Telecommunications Action Group
TAIS Total Aircraft Information System
TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TC HF Technical Committee Human Factor (ETSI)
TCIF Telecommunications Industry Forum
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCT Toll Connecting Trunk
TDCC Transportation Data Coordination Committee
TD-CDMA Time Division-code CDMA
TDA Time Distance of Arrival
TDD Telecommunication Device for the Deaf (Telecommunication Display Device); Time Division Duplex
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TDS Time Division Switching
TELSCAN TELematic Standards and Coordination of ATT Systems in relation to elderly and disabled travellers
TER Technical basis for regulation
TERENA Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association
TIA Telecommunications Industry Association
TIDE (formerly) Technology Initiative for Disabled and Elderly people and Telematics for the Integration of Disabled and Elderly people
TINA-C Telecommunications Intelligent Networking Architecture Consortium
TIST Telecommunication Information Science. Universal Mobile Telephony Technology System
TLD Top Level Domain
TMA Telecommunications Managers' Association
TPSA Telekomunikacja Polska SA
TR Token Ring
TRAC Technical Recommendations Application Comittee
TSAG Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group
TSB Telecommunications Standardization Board (ITU)
TTP Trusted Third Party
TTY Teletype(writer)
TUG Telecommunication User Group

U
UAS Universal Access System
DU Universal Design
UDM Unbundled Network Elements
UDRP Uniform domain namedisputeResolution Policy (or Panel)
UM Unified Messaging
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UN/CE United Nations Commission for Europe
UNL Universal Networking Language
UPU Universal Postal Union
URETS Uniform Rules for Electronic Trade and Settlement
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator (WWW)
USB Universal Serial Bus
USER Usability Requirements Elaboration for Rehabilitation Technology (TIDE project)
USI Universal Services Issues
USISPA US ISP Alliance
USTR U.S. Trade Representative
UUCP Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol
UWCC Universal Wireless Communications Consortium

V
VA Validation Authority
VAN Value Added Network
VATM Verband der Telekommunikations- und Mehrwertdiensten
VDE Verein Deutscher Elektroningenieure (Society of German Electrical Engineers)
VDSL Very High-speed Digital Subscriber Line
VDT Visual Display Terminal
VDU Visual Display Unit
VERONICA Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Network Index to Computerized Archives (Internet)
VISP Virtual Internet Service Provider
VLIW Very Long Instruction Word
VME Virtual Machine Environment (a common industrial computer architecture)
VMO Virtual Mobile Operators
VMS Voice Messaging System
VOD Video On Demand
VoDSL Voice-over-DSL
VoIP Voice-over Internet Protocol
VON Voice Over the Net
VPN Virtual Private Network
VPOP Virtual Point-Of-Preference
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal

W
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WAB Web Accessibility for the Blin
WAI Web Accessibility Initiative
WAIS Wide Area Information Server
WAP Wireless Application Protocol (Sometimes: Wait And Pray)
W-CDMA Wide-band CDMA
WAI Web Accessibility Initiative
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
WARC World Administrative Radio Conference
WASP Wireless ASP
WATS Wide Area Telecommunications Service
WBU World Blind Union
W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WDM Wave Division Multiplexing
WFD World Federation of the Deaf
WHO World Health Organisation
WIM Wireless Identification Module
WIMP Windows, Icons, Mouse, and Pull-down menus
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
WIVA Wireless Internet Venture Association
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WLL Wireless Local Loop
WLS Wireless Location Services
WP Working Paper
WPASET Web Pago Accessibility Self-Evaluation TEst
WML Wireless Markup Language
WP4 Work Program 4
WRC World Radiocommunications Conference (branch of ITU)
WTC World Trade Center
WTCA World Trade Center Association
WTSC World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (ITU)
WTO World Trade Organization

X
xDSL x-Type Digital Subscriber Line
XML Extended Mark-up Language

NewsLetter(چهارم شهریور ماه سال 1388)

2009-08-27T16:55:00.000+04:30

مشاهده آنلاین

با خريد سايت مکتوب،ياهو پورتال عربي راه‌اندازي مي‌کند

منبع : isna.ir

افزايش صادرات در گرو رشد ضريب نفوذ اينترنت

منبع : itna.ir

آرزوهای ناکام در «آی سی تی»

منبع : itiran.com

دسترسي ارزان و آسان همگان به اطلاعات، وعده وزير پيشنهادي ارتباطات

منبع : itna.ir

عذرخواهي مايكروسافت براي تغيير نژاد در يك عكس

منبع : isna.ir

Google Opens Up Its EPUB Archive: Download 1 Million Books for Free

Source:readwriteweb

Microsoft Rolls Out App Compatibility Support Line

Source:reddevnews.com

Cast your vote: SysAdmin of the Year 2009 launches

Source:networkworld

Loch Ness Monster surfaces on Google Earth?

Source:cnet.com

Microsoft apologizes for race-swap photo incident

Source:cnet.com

تقدیر کارفرما در پروژه پرتال مرکز صدور گواهی الکترونیکی میانی بازرگانی(گواهی دیجیتال کشور)

منبع : bwf.ir

گزارش تصویری از جشن سالگرد تاسیس شرکت در اردیبهشت ماه

منبع : bwf.ir

راه اندازی آزمایشی پرتال مرکز صدور گواهی دیجیتال

منبع : bwf.ir

راه اندازی سامانه های مدیریت سفرها و مهمانان خارجی وزارت بهداشت

منبع : bwf.ir

رزومه تصویری شرکت تا اردیبهشت 1388

منبع : bwf.ir

برگزاری جشن دومین سالگرد تاسیس شرکت در تاریخ سوم اردیبهشت

منبع : bwf.ir

ارسال تبلیغات رایگان

Send Free Ads

شرکت ره پویان بدر 1388 - 1386 | توسعه : معاونت نرم افزار | تماس با ما

Unsubscribe

ارتباطات سریال

2009-08-23T00:42:00.002+04:30

در ارتباطات راه دور و علوم کامپیوتر، فرایند ارسال یک بیت داده در یک زمان مشخص، به صورت متوالی و بر روی یک کانال ارتباطی یا گذرگاه کامپیوتررا ارتباط سریال گویند.این نوع ارتباط در تقابل با ارتباط موازی می باشد که در آن چندین بیت بر روی یک اتصال با چندین کانال موازی به طور همزمان ارسال می شود.ارتباطات سریال برای ارتباط در مسافتهای طولانی استفاده می شود ودر اغلب شبکه های کامپیوتری مشکلاتی که از لحاظ هزینه و همزمانی بوجود می آید ارتباطات موازی را غیر ممکن می سازد.در مسافتهای نزدیکتر ، به علت معایب گذرگاهای موازی(تغییر سرعت کلاک کانالها،چگالی رابط) گذرگاههای سریال کامپیوتر بسیار معمول هستند البته مزیت مهمی که گذرگاههای موازی دارند این است که به فرایند سریال سازی و سریال گشایی نیاز ندارد.تکنولوژی بهبود یافته برای اطمینان از تجمیع سیگنال و ارسال و دریافت با سرعت بالا در هر مسیر اتصالات سریال را با اتصالات موازی رقابت پذیر ساخته است.انتقال کاربران از
نمونه ای از این بهبود می باشد.PCİ-Express به PCİ
سیستمهای تله تایپ
سیستمهای استاندارد تله تایپ منجر به ایجاد یک سیستم اتوماتیک شده تلگراف شد که تلکس نامیده می شود.در اصل یک کلکتور مکانیکی چرخشی(یک سوئیچ چرخشی) پس از رسیدن "بیت شروع" آغاز به کار می کرد. برای اینکه بازوی مربوط به شکل مورد نظر را با استفاده از آهن ربای الکتریکی به کار اندازد تا شکل بر روی کاغذ درج شود کلکتور بیت هایی را تولید می کرد. با استفاده از سیستمهای شماره گیری الکترومغناطیسی همانند آنچه در سیستمهای تلفن اولیه استفاده می شد، چرخش اتوماتیک انجام می شد. هنگامی که کامپیوتر ها فراگیر شدند ، این سیستم های سریال با دستگاههای ورودی / خروجی به نام پورت
ها استفاده می کردند)، تطبیق داده شدند.ساختار سخت افزار ارتباطی ، رابطه UARTهای سریال (که از
پیوسته و عمیقی با طبیعت سیستمهای عامل و نرم افزار دارد و این دوسیستم هستند که معمولاً داده را به عنوان یک سری مرتب از کاراکترها تنظیم می کند.
گذرگاههای سریال
مدارهای مجتمع هنگامی که پین های زیادی دارند ، قیمت گزافتری دارند. برای کاهش دادن پین ها ، بسیاری ها هنگامی که سرعت مهم نباشد از یک گذرگاه سریال برای ارسال و دریافت داده استفاده می کنند. Icاز
می باشند.1-Wireو SPI,I2cنمونه هایی از این گذرگاههای کم قیمت شامل
نمونه هایی از معماریهای ارتباطات سریال
کد مورس در تلگراف
(کم سرعت،در پورتهای سریال پیاده سازی شده است)RS-232
RS-423
RS-485
گذرگاه ویدیویی دیجیتال در ارتباطات هوا،فضاARINC 818
گذرگاه عمومی سریال(سرعت مناسب،برای اتصال دستگاههای جانبی به کامپیوترها)USB
FireWire
Ethernet
(پر سرعت،برای اتصال کامپیوترها به رسانه های ذخیره سازی پر حجم)Fiber Channel
)PCİ (بسیار پر سرعت،بسیار مشابه به InfiniBand
کنترل ابزارهای موسیقیایی الکترونیک MİDİ
کنترل روشنایی سالن های نمایشDMX512
Serial Attached SCSI
Serial ATA
شبکه ارتباطی فضاپیماSpaceWire
PCI Express
(ارتباطات راه دور پر سرعت با استفاده از فیبرهای نوری)SDH و SONET
و امثال آنها(ارتباطات راه دور پر سرعت با استفاده از سیمهای مسی)T-1,E-1
Modbus
RS-232
(استاندارد توسعه یافته ی232) استانداردی برای سیگنالهای داده ای سریالRS-232در ارتباطات راه دور ،
)Data Circuit-terminating Equipment(DCE)و Data Terminal Equipment)DTEاست که
را به یکدیگر متصل می کند.که اغلب در پورتهای سریال کامپیوتر استفاده می شود.
تاریخچه
ها نیز در اصل مودم ها بودند.زمانی که DCEها در اول تله تایپ رایت های الکترومغناطیسی و DTE
استفاده از ترمینال های الکترونیک(هوشمند و غیر هوشمند)مرسوم شد، غالباً برای جایگزینی تله تایپ رایت استاندارد در سال1969و C پشتیبانی می کردند. نسخه RS-232 ها طراحی شده بودند و از این رو از
برای هماهنگ ساختن ویژگی های الکتریکی این دستگاهها ارائه شد.
از آن رو که کاربردهایی همچون کامپیوترها ، پرینترها، ابزارهای تست و مانند اینها در استاندارد تعریف برای تجهیزات خود می ساختند که غالباً با ذوق RS-232 نشده بود، از این رو طراحان رابط هایی سازگار با
و سلیقه ی خودشان سازگار بود.مشکلاتی نیز در این تجهیزات مشترک بود که از جمله میتوان به تخصیص غیر استاندارد پین ها در کانکتورها و همچنین نبود ویا غیر صحیح بودن سیگنالهای کنترلی اشاره کرد. نبود همخوانی با استاندارد در این دستگاهها موجب پیشرفت صنعت ساخت وسایل واسط، تجهیزات تست، کتابها و عایدات بسیاری برای اتصال دادن تجهیزات نا همخوان شد. انحرافی که از استاندارد رویداد، این بود که سیگنال ها در ولتاژ کاهش یافته ای جریان پیدا می کردند، استاندارد فرستنده را ملزم به استفاده از ولتاژهای 12+ و 12- کرده و گیرنده نیز حداقل باید ولتاژهای 3+و 3- را تشخیص می داد. از این روی برخی از
" نامیدند.RS-232 سازندگان ،فرستنده هایی با ولتاژ5- و 5+ ساخته و آنها را "سازگار با بعدها کامپیوترهای شخصی (و دستگاههای دیگر) از این استاندارد برای اتصال تجهیزات موجود استفاده کردند